Monday, September 30, 2019

Marketing In business organizations

1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The buying decision process as a general concept and as applied to commercial / industrial buyers. In business organizations, the various participants who are involved in the purchasing decision making process are initiators, users, influencers, deciders, approvers, buyers and gatekeepers. The gatekeepers are the important participants in the industrial buying process as they are the focal point for entry into the firm. They constitute the decision–making unit of a buying organization termed as the buying centre. The business buyers have the advantage of seeking the highest economic, social, service and technical benefit with respect to a market offering’s cost. The buying process begins with problem recognition- in this case the industrial buyer identifies the main need or problem which affects the firm’s business processes. The next step is Product specification – The buyer identifies the product’s general technical specifications by specifying the size, quality, quantity, design, features etc. Supplier Search – After the specifications have been set upon, the buying centre tries to examine the appropriate suppliers for its supply of raw materials. Proposal Solicitation – The proposals and quotations will be invited from various suppliers contacted and one, which satisfies the firm’s objective with minimum cost and better economies of scale will be accepted. Supplier selection – Based on certain characteristics, the buyer will determine parameters to select the suppliers based on price, reputation, product reliability, and service reliability and supplier flexibility. Order – Routine Specifications : Here negotiation on the order takes place with the final supplier selected by the buying centre. Performance Review – the suppliers will be periodically checked and evaluated on their performance in-order to identify the gap between the actual and the expected performance. 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Describe how the business environment is analysed, segmentation, targeting, positioning. The major environmental factors that influences and affects the buying behaviour as an industrial customer are environmental factors like the level of demand, the economic outlook, social responsibility acts, technological and political change; Organizational factors speak on the objectives, strategies, policies, plans and systems etc; Interpersonal factors highlight on the status, empathy, interests, power, authority etc; Individual factors such as age, income, education, job designation, culture, social class etc. are the requirements to be looked upon; The overall market dynamics can be studied by understanding the levels of market segmentation. Segment marketing, niche marketing, local marketing and individual marketing are some of the ways of micro marketing. Some of the variables for segmenting business markets are Demographics where-in the industry details, company size and the location have to be decided; Operating variables which includes technology, user or nonuser status, customer capabilities in the buying process have to be worked upon; Purchasing approaches – The way the customer approaches while buying the industrial goods, Situational factors- like size of the order, urgency; and Personal characteristics – buyer-seller similarity relationship, loyalty between the firm and the customers and attitude towards risk are chief parameters while segmenting.. These are the important bases for segmenting the market in case of industrial or business buyers. Selecting one or more of the market segments, which yields better returns at minimum cost and improved profits, is known as the process of targeting. The firm could use certain patterns for targeting such as single-segment concentration, selective specialization, product specialization, market specialization and full market coverage. Positioning is what you do to the minds of the consumers. The various differentiating or positioning categories will be product, services, personnel, channel and image. Different positioning strategies adopted could be attribute positioning, benefit positioning, application, user, competitor positioning, price positioning and product-category positioning. 3)Some of the patterns for market coverage are based on the segment’s overall attractiveness and firm’s objectives and resources. In Single segment concentration – the company selects just one single segment, which implies a product in a single market. In selective specialization – the firm selects certain segments, which are supposed to be lucrative, and which are more attractive. Product specialization – The firm focuses on a single product in all the available market to spread the business risk. Market specialization – the firm constitutes on serving a certain focused market with the acceptability of various products. Full Market coverage – The firm attempts to serve all the markets and all the products considering the whole market as one globe. References – Advertising Management, Edited by R. Batra, J. G. Myers, and D. A. Aaker. New Delhi: Prentic, 1999. Marketing Management, Edited by P. Kotler. New Delhi: Prentice, 2000. Marketing Management: Planning, Implementation and Control, Edited by V. S. Ramaswamy and S. Namakumari. Delhi: Macmillan, 2004. Retail Marketing Management, Edited by D. Gilbert. New Delhi: Pearson, 2003.               

Sunday, September 29, 2019

Homeschooling should replace normal schooling

Homeschooling should replace normal schooling for the betterment of students in Hong Kong. Homeschooling refers to the education of children at home, typically by parents or tutors, unlike the formal settings of schools. In many countries around the world, children are not legally obligated to attend school. In England, France, Canada, the United States and Australia, it is perfectly legal for parents to educate their kids at home. Homeschooling is becoming more popular every day, with a growth rate of 7 to 15 percent per year over the world. There are about two million children currently earning at home in the world.Homeschooled kids do well on standardized tests, are welcome at college and universities, and as adults, have a reputation for being self- directed learners and reliable employees. This essay is going to examine whether homeschooling should replace normal schooling for the betterment of students in Hong Kong. Homeschooling makes children miss the golden opportunity to pr actice their social skills. School is the miniature of society. One needs to have not only knowledge of the world, but also interpersonal communication skills in order to survive, not to mention excel in a society.If a child is taught at home solely by his/ her parents, the child misses the chance to meet and interact with other kids. Peer learning has vital benefits as well. By communicating with friends, students can improve their interpersonal skills. Homeschooled children cannot take part in extra-curricular activities like debate, choir and team sports. As interactive learning is such an important component in modern education, homeschooling deprives children of their chance to develop their social skills and network, and even friends. Furthermore, home is not the most suitable environment for learning which lower he effectiveness of learning.Home cannot provide many different hardware which can only be provided by day schools. For instance, the different kinds of experiments m ust be conducted in a safety equipped and qualified laboratory . The many apparatus like Bunsen Burner, funnel and beaker can only be found in a laboratory. Home can never provide such hardware to support the diverse learning needs of children . The equipment of language labs, music room and library only appear in a school setting. Besides, there are too many temptations at home, such as television nd computer games, which would prevent children from concentrating on learning.Homeschooling undermines the development of creative thinking. Parents-to- children teaching is atter all the indoctrination ot parents thinking and values system to their children. In Hong Kong, most parents are very concerned about their children and hope them have a bright future. Therefore, they may try to give what they think is the best to the children. It is common that parents force their children to have piano lesson, choir practice, drawing class and so on in Hong Kong. Parents tend to orcefully spoon feed what they want their children to know.In many cases, children cannot develop multiple thinking perspectives. They Just do what their parents ask them to do. Their creativity and critical thinking, which are highly-valued in today's competitive world, can hardly be formed. On the other hand, it is not suitable to implement home-schooling in Hong Kong. Most parents have full time Job. They do not have time to teach their children. Moreover, parents are not professional in teaching when compared to trained teachers. They may not know how to teach their children effectively. Also, it is impossible for parents to know all knowledge of different subjects.In school, teachers are specialize in few subjects and they can concentrate on those subjects to prepare teaching materials. According to Bill and Ana Moody, who homeschool their children, they admitted that it is hard to teach science topics properly at home. They do not have sufficient knowledge of science and science requires to do experiments. Homeschooling brings another problem: how to assess the ability of students? Hong Kong is a knowledge-based society, it is important to have certificates to prove ne's academic Usually, one will get a Job easily with higher education level.Different jobs have different required education levels. If homeschooling is implemented, there is no standard to assess students unless all students Join public examinations offered by authorized organization and the Education Bureau. Homeschooling does not provide a standard to assess whether students has understand the knowledge fully. As every parents and tutors may have design a different curriculum for students, there is no standard of what basic knowledge that students should learn.Some people argued that a unified education system simply cannot cater for the individual needs of each and every student and, therefore, homeschooling is a better way for children to learn as it is more flexible which can cater individual's needs . It can provide a tailor-made learning schedule which can cater learning speed of the children and specific requirements by those who best understand them: their parents. It may allow students a more flexible combination of subjects which cater for individual needs. This would arouse interest in study, giving students the initiative to learn.However, small class teaching , which is quite popular in Hong Kong, can also cater the needs of different children. Due to the decreasing birth rate, schools started to implement small-class teaching and has smaller teacher-to student ratio. This allows teachers to pay more attention to each student in class. Flexible combination of subjects can also be achieved by new curriculum. In the past, usually students were divided into art, science and commerce classes and they were only allowed to choose subjects which are related to each other. Now, students under the new curriculum are allowed to choose subjects freely.For example, student can choo se to study Biology, a science subject, and grapny, an art subject. Some also claimed that homeschooling can enhance close family relationship. However, this may not be true. Conflicts and arguments are easily happened when parents stay with their children all the time. Parents may easily lose temper when their children are not listening to them or cannot follow their teaching schedule as they are more emotionally affected when facing their own children. Moreover, children may easily lose concentration on learning as there are too many temptations at home as mentioned before.If parents punished their children for this, the parent- child relationship would suffer. All in all, homeschooling should not replace normal schooling for the betterment of students as there are too many weaknesses of homeschooling though admitted that normal schooling has its flaws. In the current education system, students are required to study a fixed and long syllabus within a short period of time. Students study under tremendous pressure and may eventually lose interest in study. However, homeschooling neglects the social development of children which is vital in modern society.

Saturday, September 28, 2019

Bo Burnham by Bo Burnham

Bo Burnham â€Å"I’m the greatest rapper ever,† as said by he himself, Bo Burnham in his hit song â€Å"I’m Bo Yo† from the self-titled album, â€Å"Bo Burnham.† If I were to say so, I’d have to agree with this statement. Bo Burnham, a musician, comedian, actor and singer/songwriter, is most known for the thing he created out of most or all of these traits, a great freestyle rapper. The greatest parts about this whole thing is when I got the album, how I found out he was discovered, and how well he can do his thing. I bought the album â€Å"Bo Burnham† off of iTunes one day because I had just found my favorite song-to-be, â€Å"I’m Bo Yo.† I went through the whole album and could have just laughed my head off. His songs are nicely put together for a freestyle rap album. Every song I listened to was turning into my new favorite song by him. I was kind of expecting this to happen however, as I like freestyle rap because it’s made up as you go. Pretty much every song he writes, or thinks of, is coming from the top of his head, and that’s what I like about it; it’s original! Bo started his career while writing songs and performing them to his fellow classmates. He then decided to tape himself singing them and post the videos on YouTube. He intended to do this so his brother Pete could watch them as he was at college at the time, but never did he expect what was about to happen next. In the fall of 2007, a talent agency called The Gersh Agency, called up Bo and told him that he needed to be represented by them. It was a dream come true. Bo Burnham can rap as well as anyone, people like Eminem and such. Bo may be criticized about the music he creates and plays, but what really matters to him, is that he gets to do what he wants. So if you ever decide, â€Å"hey I wanna do freestyle rap someday†, please give Bo Burnham a good listen. He’s got plenty of good ideas and songs about what to think about. Just give him a listen because you may be surprised about what you hear. If you like comedians, he’s your guy. If you like rap, he might as well be your guy! Just a warning to people, his songs may include profanity, but it’s still worth the listen!

Friday, September 27, 2019

The evolution of us gaap Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The evolution of us gaap - Essay Example However, high-tech companies, with the help of Congress, effectively stopped this move. Instead, the amount of expense for options recently granted was to be mentioned in a footnote. Then, FASB started developing a standard that would force companies to expense the fair value of stock options granted to executives and other employees. However, as Zeff points out, company CEOs were quick in opposing as it would affect their personal compensation packages. When it became clear that FASB would continue with its efforts, the companies sought the help of Congress. It was discussed in the House and the Senate where majority of the members opposed, evidently under pressure from companies. As FASB further proceeded in issuing a standard, the Senate passed a resolution stopping FASB from acting further in that regard. More issues were to come. FASB issued the directive on reporting the comprehensive income either through a separate statement of comprehensive income or an additional section in the income statement. The companies wanted to disclose it in the Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity. However, FEI pressured FASB to allow presenting it in a financial statement that few readers notice.

Thursday, September 26, 2019

Etiology and Treatment of Schizophrenia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Etiology and Treatment of Schizophrenia - Essay Example This essay demonstrates a discussion, that represents the symptoms of the disorder, and of its etiology and treatment. Schizophrenia is a disorder that is distinguished by a major disruption in cognition and emotion, influencing the primary areas of language, thought, perception, affect, and self-concept. The range of symptoms, while various and extensive, usually includes psychotic manifestations, such as hearing internal voices or experiencing other sensations of unconventional importance to normal events or upholding fixed false personal beliefs. There is no one single symptom that makes diagnosis conclusive; instead, such diagnosis covers a pattern or an aggregate of signs and symptoms, that concurrently occur with occupational or social malfunction. Treatment options are frequently related to the clinical phases of schizophrenia, namely the acute phase, stabilizing phase, stable phase, and recovery phase. When possible, this essay links available information to these treatment p hases. Although the Schizophrenia PORT study recommendations are based in research, it may be worth noting that treatment practices fail to comply with these recommendations. The troubling gap between knowledge and practice are attributed to the many barriers that exist in the transfer of information about treatment practice to clinicians, family members, and service users. And yet, the most effective interventions remain to be those that prove to be potent combinations of biological and behavioral treatment approaches.

Questions to solve belongs control and instrumentation Coursework

Questions to solve belongs control and instrumentation - Coursework Example . The characteristic equation will be  The critical gain of the system indicates the stability of a closed loop system developed by applying unit feedback to (Klee & Allen, 2011). The gain margin represents the increase or decrease needed to make the loop gain where the frequency is -180 degrees. Discreet time systems are characterized by difference equations. Examples of these are economic systems where the system behavior is recognized at discrete points of periods (Liu & Wang, 2012). Conversely in the system, some of the signals are continuous while others are discreet. Some discreet time signal arises from the continuous signals via sampling. Digital computers accept signals on discreet points of period so that samplers transforms continuous time signal into discreet time signal. i) The derivative control increases the damping of the system. The derivative term also increases the present noise which can easily cause instability. Assuming the functions of closed transfer are outlined as shown, The integral affects the gain of low frequency and alters the frequency where proportional factor becomes more effective. It would be best to raise KI, but when it gets higher a more negative stage is introduces in the range at a place where the servo bandwidth results. This lowers the phase margin of servo, causing ringing and overshoots. As shown below Ziegler Nichols and Modified Ziegler Nichols are tuning methods for PID. Ziegler Nichols uses the procedures of selecting proportional controls alone, increases the proportional gain until instability is attained. In addition, it measures the oscillation period to come up with critical time constant. For certain control loops the oscillation measure, offered by  ¼ decay ratios and their large overshoots for point alterations are not desired therefore, the modified Z-N is used (Olsson, 2002). The Z-N method does not give the final solution when compared to the

Wednesday, September 25, 2019

What is the Taboo Thesis The works of Gorer, Walter, Moller and Cline Essay

What is the Taboo Thesis The works of Gorer, Walter, Moller and Cline - Essay Example This phobia against death has made people avoid discussing death in public and today it has become a taboo, like pornography was in the medieval ages. Sociologists and thinkers such as Gorer, Moller and Cline have studied the subject in great detail with solid research and study and have recognized the changed behavior of people towards death. Instead of accepting its existence and getting on with the reality that we have to leave this world one day, people deny death and this is reflected in their behavior towards death rituals and gatherings. Discussing about death or the deceased person is considered to be strange in the society. People that talk of death or the deceased people face prudery at the hands of their social environment. And thus death has become a taboo, something not worth talking about. The scenario was not alike in the past; in fact this is a modern day development. This transition in the reactions of people with respect to death, as noted, studied and explained by Gorer and his proponents is known as Taboo Thesis. In this paper discussion will be made on the following thesis statement, â€Å"Death, today, is treated as a fearsome, alien phenomena and has become a taboo, with lesser and lesser people concerned about it. â€Å" Contribution from Gorer Geoffrey Gorer, born in 1905, was a renowned English Anthropologist. He spent his life in understanding the nature of humans and how do they get along with different variation in their lives. One of his greatest contributions to the field of Sociology is his work and research on the notion of death, the transition that it has been through the ages and its prevalent status in the current world order, categorically UK. Very interestingly Gorer compares the treatment of death in the modern society with that of the notion of pornography in the Victorian Era. This creative and analytical thinking ability of Gorer made him stand out of other thinkers and anthropologists and thus his work has become ex ceedingly significant for socialists in order to expand their horizons of study on death or other related areas (Gorer 1955). Gorer compares the treatment of the notion of pornography in the Victorian era with that of the treatment of death in the contemporary world. In the Victorian era pornography was considered to be a highly intimate affair and discussion in public was considered to be an â€Å"eye-brow† raising issue that would lead to prudery in the society if projected. Gorer does not approve of such reactions as he believes that copulation and sex are issues known to people in general so veiling them does not make a lot of sense as people tend to speak about issues that they are aware of, so the same must hold true for pornography as well. This argument is aesthetically forwarded by Gorer regarding death and reaction of people to it in the contemporary world. Gorer opines that death is as big a truth in life as life itself, but today people try to evade from its exist ence in a manner that is similar to the Victorian era where people avoided sex and obscenity related discussions in public. Gorer believes that the society is distancing itself from the acceptance of a universal fact and truth and perhaps this is something that one would agree with as well (Gorer 1955). A contemporary example Let’s consider the Somalian drought, termed as the â€Å"worst humanitarian crisis† by the UN. It is on the verge of engulfing the lives of more than 700,000 humans in the months to come. This drought has shown the real face of humans to them, but it is such a pity that we still don’t care. No matter how steep the death toll is, no matter how severe a disaster is we just continue living

Tuesday, September 24, 2019

Management for the service sector Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management for the service sector - Essay Example One of the best decisions recently made for the company, was its approach to do without franchisees and keep its stores company owned. The depth of management resources is what makes Starbucks different from small businesses. There are other similar companies that will spend up to approximately $300 million dollars per year, just in marketing, where as Starbucks will only spend 1 percent of its revenues (approximately $30 million) in both advertising and marketing. Starbucks utilizes their marketing and advertising dollars towards new products that are ready to come out or new coffee flavors and ideas. Starbucks has no doubt that their employees are one of their most important assets to the company. Their workforce is able to manage and maintain a competitive advantage. Pride in their workforce was produced through an empowering corporate culture; outstanding employee benefits and employee stock ownership programs. Being able to make decisions on their own without first having to report to management is empowering and motivating for the employees. They are encouraged to think for themselves as an entity of the business. Your mind unconsciously filters our most of what is going on around you. At some level of perception, your mind is aware of certain things. Perception is a persons mental image of the world. One of Starbucks biggest concerns is with customers perception. The customers perception of the way employees behave, greet them and even the way that handle their money has a lot to do with getting them to buy a $3.00 cup of coffee (Schultz & Dori 1997 p 14). One of the great challenges Starbucks faces is to create a perception of quality in order to get customers to pay the price they want charge. For many people, a brand is perception. People perceive Starbucks to be a great place to sit down in a comfortable, relaxing atmosphere. The perception, leading to the experience, provides customers with an unforgettable

Monday, September 23, 2019

Customer behavior summary about social media Essay

Customer behavior summary about social media - Essay Example We will therefore focus on these level of needs and how marketers can use them to their advantage. First are the physiological needs which are basically biological needs such as food, water, oxygen and shelter. Of all the needs, the physiological needs are the most important and basic and therefore, they should be satisfied first. In the social network sphere, the marketers can satisfy the customers’ physiological needs by finding out the information concerning nutrition and medicine of their existing and potential customers. The second level is composed of the safety or security needs which become active only after the physiological needs have been met. Whereas adults have usually little awareness of their safety needs apart from periods of emergency, children usually show signs of insecurity thereby prompting the need to be safe. Individuals can use social networks to update their status and inform security firms such as police and other authority of any insecurity or emergency. By doing this, the individuals’ safety needs are met appropriately. Thirdly, the needs of Love, affection and belongingness enables individuals to overcome the feelings of isolation and loneliness. These needs therefore comprises of both showing and receiving love and affection from others which one to have a sense of belonging. Through social networks such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram, people are able to share love by commenting on statuses, liking pictures and even engaging in online dating. This actions reduces or eliminates the feeling of loneliness and alienation thus enabling them to attain the needs of love, affection and belongingness. Comparatively, after the first three needs have been met, an individual develops the needs for esteem which involve self-esteem and esteem for others. In this segment, an individual tends to have a high level of self-respect and therefore desires to have respect from others too. Through the social networking

Saturday, September 21, 2019

Human Computer interaction Essay Example for Free

Human Computer interaction Essay As we know that 2012 Olympic Games will be held in London, this computer interface is specifically designed for all kind of people around the globe in order to check for games, dates, locations, competitions along with hotels, transport facility, accommodation and restaurants etc. To implement information system in an organization it requires a separate information systems department. Information systems department handles all information technology related issues, processing of the data, and networking in the organization. Information systems department is operated by specialists of computer technology also called information system specialists. These are project leaders, programmers, managers, system analysts, hardware engineers, software engineers, core technologists, and consultants. It also includes computer services companies that offer hardware and software services to the organization. An important element of information system is the computer technology and its core competencies; it involves all software and hardware application. Today, information system has become very important in any organization not only because of its usefulness and efficiency but because of its reliability, its ability to manipulate work accurately, ability to expand businesses and services and the competitiveness and edge over others. Information system is very important to bring change in an organization. The change in the organization is brought to enhance performance and quality of products. It is a very powerful tool to in implementing information technology and development of an organization. The information systems department implementation and size vary in an organizations depending upon the organization itself. The IT services companies are totally based on the information system. Model users Identify the different user groups. †¢ Social computing communities. They are part of the users in a new field of human computer interaction. They focus on the design, evaluation and maintenance of the system, and they interact socially via digital technology. †¢ Online community. They are people who use the online as the media to chat or socialize with other people including those in other countries. †¢ Business/professional. They are people who are visiting the Olympic event but want to keep in touch with their work at the office and their professional agendas. Fro example, while attending the Olympic event, they can still communicate with their office, checking on messages, talk to their clients or staff through the intranet, etc. †¢ Students. They can have access to their school, continue on studying while attending the event. And last but not least, †¢ The people who come to the Olympic as visitors, the athletes, and all other people who are participating in the organizing the event. UNA and Design Perform a User Needs Analysis (UNA) for the expected user population(s). Human Computer Interaction application involves a thrusts of human perception and its relationship to graphical user interfaces and that the impact of mental models on a system can ease the use of the system. †¢ User Characteristics User characteristics may include age, gender, life style, preferences, education and its background, level of knowledge, and other social factors that may spark the interest of the individuals to use the system. †¢ Work/Task Characteristics (Produce a HTA) Task characteristics required to human computer interaction can be defined by using action regulation theory such as the one described by Ulich et al (1991 in Fjed and Rauterberg, p3): (A) Task dependent setting of (sub-)goals which are embedded in the superimposed task goal; (B) Independent action preparation in the sense of taking on planning functions; and, selection of the means including the necessary actions for goal attainment; (C) Mental or physical performance functions with feedback on performance pertaining to possible corrections of actions; (D) Control with feedback on results and the possibility of checking the results of ones own actions against the set (sub-)goals In addition, several methods can also be developed and be used to analyze this task characteristics such as questionnaires and interviews; (Scott, Osgood Peterson 1979); scoring rationale of observable behaviour (McDaniel Lawrence 1990); protocol analysis based on actions and utterances (Ericsson Simon 1984); and formal models (Kieras Polson 1985) and executable models (Ritter Larkin 1994). The modeling for these methods consist of four different modeling levels such as modeling traditions, modeling paradigms, model classes, and specific models (Fjeld and Rauterberg, 1998).

Friday, September 20, 2019

Elecdyne An Electronic Company Economics Essay

Elecdyne An Electronic Company Economics Essay Elecdyne, an electronic company, which is located in Japan, is looking for an opportunity overseas as it is facing a fierce competition at home. This report analyses foreign nations with regards to labor costs, technology, market demand, culture and risks. The data that are collected from various sources analyzes the market potentiality for the products in other countries. The countries that are been chosen for expanding globally are USA, Russia and China the reasons are the following: USA known for the largest economy. Russia known for one of the fastest growing economy. China known for the aggressive economic growth in the 21st century and for the cheap labor cost. In order to analyze deeply into these countries, STEEP, PEST and FDI analysis are been chosen. STEEP Analysis: Socio Culture: Target Market, Age Range, Income Brackets, Technology: Technological infrastructure, RD, Advancement of new technology and Innovation Economic: Infrastructure, Labor cost, Exchange rates, inflation rates, interest rates, unemployment rates and wage level. Ecological: Global warming, Recycling, green energy, CO2 Omission and waste handling. Political: Unions, trade barriers, risk of war, laws and taxes and political stability. STEEP analysis is the method to evaluate the business opportunities in other countries. This analysis helps them choose the best out of three compared countries for expanding the business overseas. The socio-culture plays a vital role in segmenting the target market for their products. The market demands are different in different countries. The age groupings are considered very important in todays business world. In terms of Elecdyne, which is an electronic company producing products from televisions to CD players, mostly attracts the youth population. So, considering the youth population is other countries are important. Technological factors differ in other countries. Japan, which is considered to be an advanced country, could find other developing countries lacking such as China or Russia, but the market may be lucrative in terms of business. They may need to import technology from back home or from other advanced nation such as USA. For an example, technological infrastructure in China may not be that advanced as compared to Japan, so Japan would need to use its own RD infrastructure to target Chinese market, which in turn could raise the cost of production. Most of the time, political factors of the country affect the business policies. Business laws in Japan are different from other countries. Elecdyne performed in Japan under Japanese laws have to perform different in China, Russia and USA due to the local policies that they have, as this could affect or may lead to rethink of opening up businesses in those countries. Economic situation is the main factor that attracts foreign companies to look at the market, because of the raise in purchasing power among the citizens, but businesses look beyond purchasing power such as exchange rates, infrastructure, labor costs, inflation rates, unemployment rates and wage level. Elecdyne is attracted towards the labor costs and the local purchasing power. Ecological is the new factor that plays in todays world of being responsible towards an environment. We had seen world leaders gathering for the global warming situation and asking the entrepreneurs to take up the responsibility of promoting the green energy and eco-friendly products. These factors are forcing the companies to reinvent new strategy for their products, right from productions till the consumptions. Internal and External Analysis: Weakness Strength Wages are so low that they are fail to attract new employee Elecdyne has more than 20 years experience is japan Invention has been so under rated that they are no where near in the market Staff have been familiar with english language SWOT Analysis will be used to analyze internal factors and PEST Analysis for the external factors. SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. PEST stands for political, economic, social and technological. External Analysis: Political USA Russia China Japan 1 2=10 3 -2=-10 3 -2=-10 2 0 War Risk (5) (ONDD, 2012) 1=good 7=bad 1 2=4 3 -6=-24 2 -2=-8 1 0 Political Risk(4) (ONDD, 2012) 1=good 7=bad 19 35=7 133 50-=10- 80 -40=8- 17 0 Corruption perception Index (5) (International, 2012) 10 (very high) to 0 (low) 1 4=12 2 -2=-6 3 -4=-12 1 0 Transfer Risk (3) (ONDD, 2012) 1=good 7=bad 61 -90 -70 0 Total Economic Japan China Russia USA GDP Growth rate (The World Bank, 2011) 5 -0.7% 0 9.3% 10=50 4.3% 6=30 1.7% 1=5 GDP per capita (The World Bank, 2011)4 $45,903 0 $5,445 -6=-24 $13,089 -8=-32 $48,112 2=8 GDP Purchasing Power (C.I.A, 2011) 5 $4.44 trillion 0 $11.3 trillion 8=40 $2.383 trillion -2=-10 $15.08 trillion 10=50 Unemployment rate (C.I.A, 2011) 3 4.6% 0 6.5% 4=12 6.6% 4=12 9% 8=24 total 0 78 0 87 Sociological Japan China Russia USA Literacy rate (C.I.A, 2011) 1 99% 0 92.2% -3=-3 99.6% -1=-1 99% 1=1 Life Expectancy (C.I.A, 2011)2 83.91 YEARS 0 74.84 YEARS -2=-4 66.46 YEARS -4=-8 78.49 YEARS -1=-2 Population (C.I.A, 2011)2 127,368,088 0 1,343,239,923 6=12 142,517,670 1=2 313,847,465 3=6 Average Death rate (C.I.A, 2011)1 9.15/1000 0 7.17/1000 1=1 14.1/1000 -2=-2 8.4/1000 2=2 Total 0 6 -9 7 Technology Japan China Russia USA RD expenditure (The World Bank, 2008) 3 3.45% 0 1.47% -3=-9 1.04% -6=-18 2.79% -1=-3 Internet Users (C.I.A, 2011)1 99,182,000 0 389,000,000 6=6 40,853,000 -5=-5 245,000,000 3=3 Mobile users (C.I.A, 2011)1 129,868,000 0 986,253,000 10=10 236,700,000 2=2 313,848,000 4=4 Total 0 7 -21 4 Cost Inflation rate (C.I.A, 2011)4 -0.3% 0 5.5% -4=-16 8.4% -6=-24 0.9% -1=-4 Interest Rate (The World Bank, 2011 3 3.7% 0 -1.1% 4=12 -6.4% 6=18 1.0% 1=3 Total 0 -4 -6 -1 PEST WEIGHTED AVERAGE Japan China Russia USA P 0 -70/4=-17.5 -90/4=-22.5 61/4=15.25 E(market) 0 78/4=19.5 0 87/4=21.75 E(cost) 0 -4/2=-2 -6/2=-3 -1/2=-0.5 S 0 6/4=1.5 -9/4=-2.25 -7/4=-1.75 T 0 7/3=2.3333 -21/3=-7 4/3=1.3333 Total 0 3.83333 -34.75 36.08 Summary of PEST Analysis: From the analysis, USA market looks attractive according to the situation faced by Elecdyne. USA has the fast growing economy and it is a great chance for the Elecdyne to grab the share of the market. USA also has great number of youths in the Country to buy the products. With comparison to other three countries in the table, they find USA as the best alternative for expanding internationally. USA also has a low labor cost as compared to other three countries and geographically nearer to Japan as well. It is highly competitive market, but it is lucrative once succeeded. Options of Internationalization: There are three options for Elecdyne to go International or establish business in China. The following options are: 1. Joint Venture 2. Acquisition 3. Greenfield Site Joint Venture with other existing firms in USA can help Elecdyne to merge into the market quickly. This venture is one of the most common strategies used by the foreign firms to enter into the country. The positive impact of this venture is that they can learn the consumers quickly and efficiently using the existing firms in USA. The negative side of the venture is that Elecdyne would lose its profit share to the local firm that is ventured with. Acquisition technic may look attractive, but have risk to it. It is always quite expensive to buy out the firm in USA and hope for profit out of it. It is risky, but once succeeded it is profitable. There are risk factors attached to it. It is always safer to look at the government policies for the foreign firms. FDI investment policies are different in different countries. Greenfield Site project are mostly used by very large corporation of developing the underdeveloped land. Risk involved with this strategy is very high especially in a country like USA. Political risk involved with it is higher. The government could seize the land if needed or may not be willing to make an agreement for a longer period of time.

Thursday, September 19, 2019

The Develoment of the Horror Genre Essay -- essays research papers fc

The term Gothic is significant for the understanding of the origins and development of the horror genre. Both of these genres differ, whilst Gothic literature is the text that explores the frightening extremes in mankind, horror focuses more on the unknown. The Gothic horror genre has changed over time and retains importance because it is the antecedent of the horror genre. Factors such as the definition of the word Gothic, the archetypes of the genre, and its social and historical contexts, have altered considerably as time progressed. The value and popularity given to the gothic horror genre has also varied during the past few centuries. As a result, in order to understand the horror genre’s foundations, it is important to observe the Gothic novel’s modifications. Horror stories have existed for thousands of years, initially in the form of verbal communication. The themes of ruthless enemies and supernatural beings were common themes in myths in an attempt to set morals. However, at present, the true horror literature in its written form mostly aims to entertain. Its forerunner, the Gothic novel, rose in the eighteenth century and was extremely popular until the nineteenth century in England. The meaning of ‘gothic’ varies exceedingly. The word initially refers to German tribes that took part in overthrowing Rome. This word can be perceived as a synonymous for barbarous and dreadful. Similarly, the horror genre also has factors of monstrosity and dread. The â€Å"Gothic† style of architecture was famous in the middle ages and has been found on many cathedrals such as Notre Dame. Historians would describe this style as â€Å"gothic† to suggest their negative opinion of the architecture, that it was tasteless and dry. Instead of conforming to this perception, people were only led to believe the word to mean â€Å"dark and ominous†. Gothic architecture, with the foreboding atmosphere posed around it, correlates with the Gothic novel because it has been a prevalent backdrop to gothic novels in the 19th century, such as Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. These Gothic horror stories were some of the first examples of the horror genre, and are therefore vital for the understanding this field. In its historical context, the gothic horror genre is believed to have emerged as a response to a time of rational thought, the Enlightenment or the Age of Reason. This intellectual movement a... ...tablished in the modern horror genre, thus it is practical to observe the archetypes of the Gothic novel as well. This allows the responders to grasp a better understanding of the origins of horror elements. It is therefore evident that the Gothic horror genre has evolved a great deal over the past two hundred years or so. The Gothic novel has affected the horror genre because of the intrigue created with the intense emotions and aspects of human nature. This as a result creates Gothic horror, similar to the horror genre but instead plays on the horrifying attributes of the radical human mind rather than the dread of the unknown and the irregular. In order to become more aware regarding the origins of the horror genre, it is important to understand the progress of the Gothic. It is notable to recognise the meaning of the term, its changing values, historical context and the varying archetypes of the Gothic novel in order to become acquainted with the horror genre’s development. Bibliography: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/english/melani/gothic/history.html http://www.wwnorton.com/nael/romantic/topic_2/welcome.htm http://cai.ucdavis.edu/waters-sites/gothicnovel/155breport.html

Free College Essays - Stylistic Devices in The Stranger by Albert Camus :: The Stranger The Outsider

Use of Stylistic Devices in The Stranger    In his novel The Stranger, Albert Camus uses the stylistic devices of imagery and diction to develop the intensity of the physical action and to illustrate the lack of emotion in the last paragraph of Part I. Imagery of all kinds is abundant in this passage as Meursault, the main character, pays great attention to and describes in detail the beach environment that surrounds him. Visual imagery is present as he conveys the intense heat by telling how it seemed as though the sky had cracked open and was raining flame, and by personifying the ocean, recounting how it breathed blistering hot air onto the beach. Auditory imagery is employed when Meursault speaks of the cymbals of the sun clashing and describes the four shots fired as â€Å"four quick knocks on the door of unhappiness.† Imagery of a tactile nature is used in Meursault’s depicting the effects of the light reflecting off of the Arab’s knife on him, its â€Å"searing† his eyelashes and â€Å"gouging† his eyeballs. All of this imagery works together to create the feeling of intense pressure in the actions being carried out by both Meursault and the Arab on the beach. All of it describes what is happening in the physical world, yet none of it deals with how Meursault feels in that situation (whether apprehensive, frightened, or angry) or what he is thinking. Since the imagery of the passage deals only with action and not the emotion, Camus creates the impression that there is no emotion. The diction used by Camus in the paragraph further develops the intensity of the action and the lack of emotion. Words such as â€Å"pulsing,† â€Å"scorch,† â€Å"bursting,† â€Å"clashing,† â€Å"searing,† and â€Å"gouging† are used in context with the heat on the beach, the veins in Meursault’s forehead, the sun, and the light reflecting off the Arab’s knife. All of these words carry a violent and rather drastic connotation which augments the tension in the activity of the passage.

Wednesday, September 18, 2019

A computer system consists of hardware and software. :: Computer Science

A computer system consists of hardware and software. A computer system consists of hardware and software. Hardwareis the equipment, which makes up the computer system. Hardware consists of: - Input devices such as keyboard, mouse, joystick - The Central Processing Unit (CPU) - Output devices such as a printer, monitor, graph plotter - Backing storage devices such as disc drive, hard drive - Media such as discs, tapes, paper etc There is hardware that I used is:  · Mouse  · Keyboard  · Printer  · Monitor A tracker ball mouse ==================== A tracker ball mouse is an input device and similar to a mouse but the ball is set into a cup on the top of the unit. A finger or, on larger tracker balls the palm of the hand, is used to roll the ball in any direction. The ball controls the movement of the pointer on the screen. Buttons on the tracker ball work in the same way as mouse butons to activate processes on the screen. My alternative of using a mouse with a tracker ball would be a mouse without a tracker ball. Benefit: ======== * A tracker ball does not require a large flat surface. Drawbacks: ========== * Most people find them a bit fiddly * Not accurate * Not quiet ALTERNATIVE: Mouse without a tracker ball ========================================= The pointer on the monitor screen mirrors the movement of the mouse by the user's hand. Under the mouse is a ball, which rolls as the mouse is moved. This movement of he ball causes two shafts to rotate inside the mouse; one shaft records the movement in the north-south direction and the other shaft records the east-west movement. When the screen pointer is over a0n icon or menu selection, the mouse button can be clicked, double clicked or dragged to activate a process. Some mice have a small wheel as well as the buttons. The function of the wheel depends on the software being used on the computer; in a document, it can allow the user to scroll up and down; in a desktop publishing package, it might enable the user to zoom in and out of the page. Over a period of time, the performance of the mouse can deteriorate as the ball and shafts collect dust and dirt. Some modern mice use a light beam and detector to register movements instead off the mouse ball. Many mice now use infrared or wireless links to the computer, which removes the need to have a connecting cable. Benefit: ======== * It is easy and convenient to use * It is inexpensive * Most modern software includes an option to use it. * It selects a position on the screen more quickly than is possible

Tuesday, September 17, 2019

Moment of Truth Essay

The crowd was deafening. A few drunken chants, a boo here and there was all I could make out over my asthma-like pants. I didn’t blame them though. For two rounds I’ve been dodging, shifting, and shoving myself around the ring. I didn’t stand still, I couldn’t stand still. I wasn’t going to win this one. He was too big, too bulky, too mean looking. â€Å"There’s no way he’s 76 kg, there must have been some sort of mistake† I kept telling myself. I was a half expecting the referee to stop us saying â€Å"Sorry gentlemen, there was a mistake in the matching, and I’m gonna call a ‘No Contest’†. But I knew that wasn’t the case, just a bit of wishful thinking to ease the pain. He came at me again, this time more aggressively. It was probably the frustration, or maybe he wanted the knockout. Either way, I was losing and I knew it. For a second, I thought of taking the fall just to give the crowd something to talk about. He tried his best to trap me, but I kept backing up and prolonging this dance of ours. â€Å"Two minutes! Do something† I thought I heard my corner shout. I dashed back one more time, that’s when I saw the slight buckle in his knees. He was tired, exhausted, spent, almost expired. His mass advantage worked against him when it came to endurance. Now is my shot, it was either hit or miss. But I wasn’t going to waste it on an offensive strike. It had to be a counter, or he would expect it. I planted myself, and like a fish to the bait he came for the trap and swung. I flung out my jab to deflect his and countered with a right straight while my eyes were closed. I felt the contact, opened my eyes, he wasn’t there. The referee pushed me to the opposite corner as he continued the count. Everytime he yelled a number, the crowd would repeat it more frantically. Yal Wahsh! † I heard my roommate call from the corner. By the seven count, the referee realized all hope for the staggering beast were lost and declared me the winner. I was overwhelmed, I had one my first prize-fighting match and it felt like it should. â€Å"I hate these things! They’re ridiculous† I complained to myself as I unwrapped my knuckle wrappings. The locker room was smaller than i was used to and it had this wet dog stench about it but my face still wore a smile. â€Å"Hey! How are you? ok? † I was startled by a deep voice echoing behind me. I turned to see a small figure of a man. An old man. He wore an unbuttoned shirt with a wife-beater underneath. An earring on the left ear, and a mountainous gut. â€Å"Yeah I’m good, thanks. † I answered resuming what I was doing. â€Å"That’s a good win out there, you know I used to be a boxer? † He questioned rhetorically. â€Å"Oh really? , What happened? † I replied with a smug smirk on my face knowing the sarcasm went unnoticed. â€Å"You’re funny kid? eh? † he replied with after a light chuckle. â€Å"Everyone will grow old one day, this will never change. † †True† I nodded, extracting his ideas from his broken English. This is for you,† he said while extending a hand lighting clutching a bulky envelope. â€Å"Oh, aren’t I supposed to stop by the manager’s office to pick up my check? † I asked bluntly. It was received with a laugh, â€Å"This isn’t part of your prize, it’s just something extra from me. You made good money. Thirteen to one against you, I liked that and I won. So here, a tip eh? † I blindly grabbed the envelope from him and thanked him, not knowing what I had started. A card slid out of the envelope and onto the ground. â€Å"Anothony G. DeBatista – White Arrow Bar† was what I realized it said after picking it up. I recognized the place, I walked by it on my way to university every day, I just never really noticed it. Day after day, I found myself more drawn to the shady local bar. Everyday I didn’t go, I felt more inclined to do so the next day. It was as if I owed him something and I was putting it off. â€Å"The least I could do is drop by, right? † I convinced myself one time after class. I walked in, startled by the simultaneous bell but quickly realized what it was. There weren’t many people occupying the seats, I could see a group, much younger than I, sipping away at their ill-gotten delights and rambling on about how tough life was. In almost every sense of the word, it was shady, if not just plain out creepy. â€Å"Come around, to the back† I heard a familiar deep voice bark at me from behind the bar. So I squeezed under the counter and entered the make-shift kitchen Tony was sitting in. We started a conversation of senseless formalities, almost as if he was checking up on me. I was curious about what he really wanted to talk about. I was also intrigued by the question of why a simple bar owner carried a business card. But all these speculations were put to rest when I eventually realized all he wanted to do was talk. Nearly every day after class, I would stop by at Tony’s just for a casual chat. We would talk about sports, politics, anything that caught our mutual interest; we would find a way to discuss it, constantly reinforcing the age gap with our conflicting views on the same matters. Sometimes we’d play chess, sometimes he would send me out on errands he couldn’t find the time to do himself. I had to admit, I enjoyed that old man’s company. I felt that I could learn a lot from such wisdom. It wasn’t until I was approached by a fellow classmate that I disrupted this pattern. He had seen me constantly wandering off into the bar, and asked me who it belonged to. So i replied, â€Å"It’s Tony’s Bar† thinking it to be an inquisitive question. My classmate filled me in on everything I didn’t want to know about Tony. I didn’t want to know about how he owned 32 apartment complexes around Malta, had a significant amount of shares in the casino business, and was known to be a contact to the Sicilian crime family. I dismissed it all at first, thinking it too ridiculous to be true. â€Å"Believe it or not man, it is what it is. † he added when he saw my disbelief. Most people would cut ties after hearing something like that, â€Å"nip it in the bud† as they say. Not me though, I was still in a state of awe. To be honest, it was more of a state of intrigue than disbelief. There was something about that scenario that appealed to me. I had always loved mobster movies, everything from â€Å"The Godfather† to â€Å"The Departed†. I kept going to Tony’s bar, despite knowing who or what he was. Every time I walked through that door, I walked out a little more confident, a little more powerful, a little more corrupted. I was protected, and I acted like it. I really wish you luck, Omar, I’ve got quite a number on you. † Tony exclaimed before i entered the locker room. â€Å"Money in the bank. † I replied with a smug smile. I spoke too confidently, I couldn’t lose this. I bumped fists with my opponent and with the bell began my downfall. Punch after punch, I couldn’t see them coming anymore. He was faster than I thought. Every time that bell rang, I sat in the corner preaching myself new strategies, although I knew I’ve already lost. I had to win this though, Tony was counting on me. What if he loses a fortune on this? What if I fall from grace? Would it upset him? Would he do something about it? My mind went into a spiral of pessimism and panic. It had just dawned on me how dire my situation had become. â€Å"No worries,† I told myself, â€Å"I still have a round left, it’s not too late. I just have to take him down. † The bell rang and I dashed for the offensive. I had gone in too fast, and extended my jab too early. Mere target practice for him, I was caught with a straight and a left hook to follow. Its a funny feeling, being knocked out. Your mind makes you believe you’re still awake while your body completely fails you. You end up staggering fully conscious in mind, telling the referee you’re still alright to fight while your knees are giving in. The referee called the match, I knew I had lost. â€Å"God damn these wraps! † I found myself saying again. The locker room was once again abandoned except for my sad self. The door was knocked and my heart along with it. I knew it was Tony. I just didn’t know what to expect. â€Å"Come in† I answered hesitantly. â€Å"Hey kid, quite a fight eh? † he said not really expecting an answer. â€Å"I’m sorry, Tony, I don’t know what happened† I shot back almost instantly. Sorry? I didn’t get hit, you’re the one who got hit† he replied jokingly, †Why are you sorry? †. â€Å"Aren’t you pissed about the money? † I asked half-heatedly. He burst out in a chuckle â€Å"Malla, money is always coming and going my friend, you’ll do better next time, just train alright? † With that, he walked out, leaving me to my own devices. I couldn’t believe how stupid I had been. Stupid enough to assume that fantasy role I had taken, a gangster, in all sense of the word. I was no gangster, and I certainly didn’t have the heart for it. I was a nine-teen year old kid with his whole life ahead of him, but that was a role I never wanted to be. It’s almost poetic, when reality sets in and your eyes open up for the first time since birth. That’s when I became fully aware of my surroundings, truly appreciative of the things I was, and the things I wasn’t, and couldn’t be. I proclaimed this my rebirth, and it didn’t take a spiritual awakening or holy revelation to acquire it. All it took was one situation, one experience, and one hell of a scare to bring me back to reality. I never really saw Tony that much after that. Every time I passed that bar, I’d just leave it to sulk in its own gloomy haze. I’d remember how I sold out the memories, the laughter, the debates, the chess games, and the friendship to prejudge on reputation. Tony was a bad man, probably. In a way, though, Tony was a good man, at least to me. A friend when I needed him to be, a mentor at other times. No matter what the man had done in his past, I couldn’t deny him his wisdom. Eventually, I read in the paper that Tony was apprehended after a drug smuggling sting and sentenced to six years. He was out in three months. Like I was told, he’s connected.

Monday, September 16, 2019

Geert Hofstede Organization Culture Essay

I. Analysis Every one of us already realizes and knows that we are living in a global age. Technology has brought everyone much closer together. This means that people of different cultures find themselves working together and communicating more and more. This is exciting, but it can also be frustrating and fraught with uncertainty. How do you relate to someone of another culture? What do you say, or not say, to start a conversation right? Are there cultural taboos that you need to be aware of? Building connections with people from around the world is just one dimension of cultural diversity. You will also need to factor it into motivating people, structuring projects, and developing strategy. Of course there are so many question on our head how can we understand cultural differences? Are we relegated to learning from our mistakes, or are there generalized guidelines to follow? Fortunately, psychologist Dr. Geert Hofstede asked himself this question in the 1970s. What emerged after a decade of r esearch and thousands of interviews is a model of cultural dimensions that has become an internationally recognized standard. Before we talk about the theory further further let us know more about Geert Hofstede deeper. Geert Hofstede, a widely known Dutch researcher of culture, has defined culture as â€Å"the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one group or category of people from another.† During 1978-83, he conducted detailed interviews with hundreds of IBM employees in 53 countries. Through standard statistical analysis of large data sets, he determined patterns of similarities and differences among the replies. From this data analysis, he developed five dimensions of culture. In the 1990s, Hofstede published results of his research in publication Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. Initially he developed four dimensions in culture, but added a fifth dimension in 1991. Moreover Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory is a framework for cross-cultural communication, developed by Geert. It describes the effects of a society’s culture on t he values of its members, and how these values relate to behavior, using a structure derived from factor  analysis. The theory has been widely used in several fields as a paradigm for research, particularly in cross-cultural psychology, international management, and cross-cultural communication. The original theory proposed four dimensions along which cultural values could be analyzed: individualism-collectivism; uncertainty avoidance; power distance (strength of social hierarchy) and masculinity-femininity (task orientation versus person-orientation). Independent research in Hong Kong led Hofstede to add a fifth dimension, long-term orientation, to cover aspects of values not discussed in the original paradigm. In the 2010 edition of Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind Hofstede added a sixth dimension, indulgence versus self-restraint, as a result of co-author Michael Minkov’s analysis of data from the World Values Survey. Before we jump further, let us see what is the identification of culture itself in terms of Hofstede termination, culture to be mental programming of the mind: every person carries within him or herself patterns of thinking; feeling; and potential acting which were learned throughout their lifetime (Hofstede, 2005 p4). He identified 3 layers of mental programming that are: individual, collective and universal. Based on these 3 layers he constructed his culture triangle (see figure 1). The Individual level (personality) is focused on the mental programming exclusive to each person. Hofstede suggests that this level is at least partly inherited. The Collective Level (culture) is focused on the mental programming that is learned from others, that is specific to a group of people. The Universal level (human nature) is focused on all humans, and is also likely inherited: instincts for survival et cetera. Figure 1: Hofstede’s Culture Triangle With access to people working for the same organization in over 40 countries of the world, Hofstede collected cultural data and analyzed his findings. He initially identified four distinct cultural dimensions that served to distinguish one culture from another. Later he added a fifth dimension, and that is how the model stands today. He scored each country using a scale of roughly 0 to 100 for each dimension. The higher the score, the more that dimension is exhibited in society. The Five Dimensions of Culture Armed with a large database of cultural statistics, Hofstede analyzed the  results and found clear patterns of similarity and difference amid the responses along these five dimensions. Interestingly, his research was done on employees of IBM only, which allowed him to attribute the patterns to national differences in culture, largely eliminating the problem of differences in company culture. The five dimensions are: 1. Power/Distance (PD) This refers to the degree of inequality that exists – and is accepted – among people with and without power. Power distance is the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally.† Cultures that endorse low power distance expect and accept power relations that are more consultative or democratic. A high PD score indicates that society accepts an unequal distribution of power, and that people understand â€Å"their place† in the system. Low PD means that power is shared and well dispersed. It also means that society members view themselves as equals. Application: According to Hofstede’s model, in a high PD country such as Malaysia (104), you would probably send reports only to top management and have closed-door meetings where only select powerful leaders were in attendance. PD| Characteristics| Tips| High PD| * Centralized companies. * Strong hierarchies. * Large gaps in compensation, authority, and respect.| * Acknowledge a leader’s power. * Be aware that you may need to go to the top for answers| Low PD| * Flatter organizations. * Supervisors and employees are considered almost as equals.| * Use teamwork. * Involve as many people as possible in decision making.| 2. Individualism (IDV) This refers to the strength of the ties people have to others within the community. A high IDV score indicates loose connections. People have large extended families, which are used as a protection in exchange for unquestioning loyalty. In countries with a high IDV score there is a lack of interpersonal connection, and little sharing of responsibility beyond family and perhaps a few close friends. A society with a low IDV score would have strong group cohesion, and there would be a large amount of loyalty and  respect for members of the group. The group itself is also larger and people take more responsibility for each other’s well being. Application: Hofstede’s analysis suggests that in the Central American countries of Panama and Guatemala where the IDV scores are very low (11 and 6, respectively), a marketing campaign that emphasized benefits to the community or that tied into a popular political movement would likely be understood and well received. This talks about how much a society sticks with values, traditional male and female roles. Masculine cultures’ values are competitiveness, assertiveness, materialism, ambition and power, whereas feminine cultures place more value on relationships and quality of life. In masculine cultures, the differences between gender roles are more dramatic and less fluid than in feminine cultures where men and women have the same values emphasizing modesty and caring. High MAS scores are found in countries where men are expected to be â€Å"tough,† to be the provider, and to be assertive. If women work outside the home, they tend to have separate professions from men. Low MAS scores do not reverse the gender roles. In a low MAS society, the roles are simply blurred. You see women and men working together equally across many professions. Men are allowed to be sensitive, and women can work hard for professional success. Application: Japan is highly masculine with a score of 95, whereas Sweden has  the lowest measured value (5). According to Hofstede’s analysis, if you were to open an office in Japan, you might have greater success if you appointed a male employee to lead the team and had a strong male contingent on the team. In Sweden, on the other hand, you would aim for a team that was balanced in terms of skill rather than gender. MAS| Characteristics| Tips| High MAS| * Men are masculine and women are feminine. * There is a well-defined distinction between men’s work and women’s work.| * Be aware that people may expect male and female roles to be distinct. * Advise men to avoid discussing emotions or making emotionally based decisions or arguments.| Low MAS| * A woman can do anything a man can do. * Powerful and successful women are admired and respected.| * Avoid an â€Å"old boys’ club† mentality. * Ensure job design and practices are not discriminatory to gender * Treat men and women equally.| 4. Uncertainty/Avoidance Index (UAI) This relates to the degree of anxiety that society members feel when in uncertain or unknown situations. High UAI-scoring nations try to avoid ambiguous situations whenever possible. It reflects the extent to which members of a society attempt to cope with anxiety by minimizing uncertainty. People in cultures with high uncertainty avoidance tend to be more emotional. In contrast, low uncertainty avoidance cultures accept and feel comfortable in unstructured situations or changeable environments and try to have as few rules as possible. People in these cultures tend to be more pragmatic, they are more tolerant of changeThey are governed by rules and order and they seek a collective â€Å"truth.† Low UAI scores indicate that the society enjoys novel events and values differences. There are very few rules, and people are encouraged to discover their own truth. Application: Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions imply that when discussing a project with people in Belgium, whose country scored a 94 on the UAI scale, you should investigate the various options and then present a limited number of choices, but have very detailed information available on your contingency and risk plans. (Note that there will be cultural differences between French  and Dutch speakers in Belgium.) 5. Long Term Orientation (LTO) This is the fifth dimension that Hofstede added in the 1990s, after finding that Asian countries with a strong link to Confucian philosophy acted differently from Western cultures. In countries with a high LTO score, delivering on social obligations and avoiding â€Å"loss of face† are considered very important. This refers to how much society values long-standing – as opposed to short-term – traditions and values. It describes societies’ time horizon. Long-term oriented societies attach more importance to the future. They foster pragmatic oriented towards rewards, including persistence, saving and capacity for adaptation. In short term oriented societies, values promoted are related to the past and the present, including steadiness, respect for tradition, preservation of one’s face, reciprocation and fulfilling social obligations. Application: According to Hofstede’s analysis, people in the United States and United Kingdom have low LTO scores. This suggests that you can pretty much expect anything in this culture in terms of creative expression and novel ideas. The model implies that people in the U.S. and U.K. don’t value tradition as much as many others, and are therefore likely to be willing to help you execute the most innovative plans as long as they get to  participate fully. (This may be surprising to people in the U.K., with its associations of tradition.) LTO| Characteristics| Tips| High LTO| * Family is the basis of society. * Parents and men have more authority than young people and women. * Strong work ethic and high value placed on education and training.| * Show respect for traditions. * Do not display extravagance or act frivolously. * Reward perseverance, loyalty, and commitment.| Low LTO| * Promotion of equality. * High creativity, individualism. * Treat others as you would like to be treated. * Self-actualization is sought.| * Expect to live by the same standards and rules you create. * Be respectful of others. * Do not hesitate to introduce necessary changes.| The latest one that has just been added by Geert itself is Indulgence versus restraint (IVR): The extent to which member in society tries to control their desires and impulses. Whereas indulgent societies have a tendency to allow relatively free gratification of basic and natural human desires related to enjoying life and having fun, restrained societies have a conviction that such gratification needs to be curbed and regulated by strict norms. II. Implication After the publications of the theory I especially directly know the evidence that organization or family are different from each other, we used to believe that deep inside all people everywhere anytime are the same. In fact, as we are generally not aware of other countries’ cultures, we tend to minimize cultural differences. This leads to misunderstandings and misinterpretation between people from different countries. Instead of the convergence phenomena, cultural differences are still significant today and diversity tends to increase. The in order to be able to have respectful cross-cultural relations, we have to be aware of these cultural differences. So here I would like to analyze of those 5-dimension theory of Geert Hofstede and also the spirit of leadership in the application of my community, organization, and family. First, regarding  to the power or hierarchy, I can see that the organization even family I had now is got very high score of power or hierarchy. Asian co untry especially south East Asia country included Indonesia widely known as the east part of the world has very long hierarchy process in organization. It needs to follow so much unbiased rules and regulation that never existed in western country. Another thing in my organization or family is centralized meaning the leader is everything; the leader in a group or family (parents, father especially) can do what they want. They take control of every single thing and execute all of things that they think it is right to be executed. The leader power here is also get tons of acknowledgements of power also compensation, authority, and respect in the way they behave in the community. And not many things you can really do over there unless you have top Harvard quality student of opinion or sight. Second, it is regarding to the individualism. This individualism model can be positive or negative. Its position is more in the between good and bad, depends on the condition that an individual face. Widely known in Indonesia that it has relatively low score. Indonesia as part of the Eastern country world is very low on facing the condition of being individual. It also here in my organization and family where the entire member included leader and sub ordinaries are not really independent in terms of individual people’s eye. They here one hundred percent have totality in suppress feelings and emotions to work in harmony Besides that tradition are the main habit of my community to be respected even it cost slow changes. This thing is also inter-related with showing respect for age and wisdom. Another good thing about having low individualism is the willing of my mates in emphasizing on building skills and becoming master or pro of a specific skill on something detail. They also have very high appreciation of intrinsic rewards. Lastly what I have been seeing in the community I have been involved in that they really support the creation of harmony in the community even it needs to scarify the honesty. Third thing is masculinity. Once again as the historical and geographical background of most Indonesian majority is Islamic people which really praise the superiority of men. Same also with the minority, Chinese people of Indonesian really put more eyes on men compared to women. Men in Indonesia  can be said has higher status than the women. They are different from each other. Both men and women is really distinguish and well defined in work, job, attitude, and behavior in the neighborhood. Some people really praise this condition so they really have high expectation on putting men over women which men advised is really being a high terminology on discussing emotion or making emotionally based argument even decision. Fourth, regarding to the uncertainty method, what I face in my organization or family is really in between. I really mean that it is in the middle, not really high not even low. But somehow if it is calculated deeply I can conclude it is more on the low side with the c omparison of 60:40 for low uncertainty. I can say it is low because there is some informal business attitude in executing the activities in family even organization. They act not really formal like in army but it is more enjoyable and fun but still serious. Then another why I say it is informal that mostly the organization mates do not really impose rules or structure unnecessarily. Besides that also can be seen there is minimization in controlling emotional response by being calm and contemplating situations before speaking. Las thing is people do not really afraid of expressing curiosity when some differences or irrelevant concept found. Another supporting condition but not I found which also make the 40 percent disagreement are there are more concern with long term strategy than what is happening on a daily basis and also accepting of change and risk. Both thing are hardly founded in my organization, they prefer to be stick on what have drawn before. Fifth is regarding to the long-term orientation that has been just added by Geert. This condition is 100 percent high. Easily founded everywhere not only in my organization and family that family, family, and family is based on everything in the society. It should be on the top of priority compared to another element in the society. In the family itself parents especially has absolute power and authority compared another member which also another member without demanded give respect for tradition terms. Another thing that the terms of an individual displaying extravagance or acting frivolously is reaching zero percent in behavior action that has high reward perseverance, loyal, and total commitment. This condition exactly leads to strong work ethic and high valued placed on the training and education. Last method is just recently developed can be said not really playing important role but worth slightly  to be discussed which is indulgence versus restraint. This is quite high in Indonesia that everyone needs to control desire and also impulses of what there flesh demand. In other word in organization, family, group, and also community that I have been involved in in Indonesia are being super strict to many traditional views of law and norm that exist in neighborhood which also the inheritance of the ancestor created and did. So being totally freedom as in the heaven is hardly found. III. Conclusion The creation of this theory really become valuable for everyone as there is differences between culture in family and also organization from one and other. Thus people can prepare for it. Another thing of this creation model theory can provide us the chance of demonstrating management competencies such as personal motivation, time management, organization and communication. The knowledge we get also important to evaluate and compare community, organization, management, nation, continent, and an era. Furthermore it is hoped that the skill and ability gained from this paper can be added to rich our multi cultural point of view and be useful from high value consulting standpoint.

Sunday, September 15, 2019

Americas vietnam war

Vietnam War, which is also referred to as the second Indochina war was one of the longest and most controversial wars of the 20th century.  The war resulted from the ideological differences which arose after the end of the second war and was instigated by the desire between the America and her allies and the Communist block to curtail the growing influence of the other.   The war occurred largely in Vietnam specifically in Laos and Cambodia from 1955 which was just a decade after the end of the Second World War.Like other nations in the regions, Vietnam found herself divided between two sides serving opposing interest of communist and United States.   North Vietnam was supported by communist allies, largely Soviet Union and China, while South Vietnam was supported by the United States which was advocating for growth of democratic governments in the regions.South Vietnam also enjoyed support from other nations who were members of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization.   Howev er, the whole war was a protracted struggle between United States and Soviet Union to assume superpower status in the world after the end of the Second World War.[1]The Vietnam War has been described as longest military conflict that United States has every engaged in.   The continued hostilities in Laos and Cambodia led to loss of more than 58,000 American soldiers and civilians serving in the war.   It is also estimated that more than 304,000 were wounded in the course of the war.Up to the end of the war in 1975, Vietnam War had attracted a lot of criticism from not only from American civilians but also leaders in the whole world.   In other word, it was described as a war without a cause and with no justification rather than fulfilling the ego of being the leading nation in the world, which was at the expense Vietnamese and Americans.Vietnam War goes down in history books as one of the humiliating wars that United States had ever engaged in. Despite her military powers, uni ted state lost the war terribly leading to eventual withdrawal from the war in 1975.   [2]The Vietcong, who were slightly armed communist insurgents waged a successful guerilla war using unconventional military tactics and eventually defeated the South Vietnamese Army which was supported by United States and used conventional war and military equipments.The   South Vietnam soldiers allied with the United States forces used superior air strikes to conduct search and destroy tactics which were supported by ground forces, artillery strikes and reinforced with air strikes.   Despite this superiority, United States and the South Vietnam lost the war terribly to the slightly armed communist insurgents.The cause and the reasons why United States lost the Vietnam War has been a subject of debate since then.   Despite deploying its military advisors and combat units, United States could not cope with the insurgence and military tactics that were used by the Vietcong. [3]In the course of the war, Viet Cong suffered a lot of tactical setbacks and lack of military advisors further aggravated their situation.   The main question therefore remains, how did the Viet Cong war strategy give them victory over their enemies despite suffering a number of setbacks?This paper will discuss the Vietnam War specifically   Ã‚  trying to answer the above question. However, the paper will first have an overview of the Vietnam war   looking into how the united states entered the war, the military deployment and how United States forces reinforced South Vietnam forces. Finally the paper will look at the war strategies used during the war and the reason why Vietcong eventually triumphed despite lack of proper military equipments and use of unconventional military strategies.Overview of Vietnam War[4]The genesis of the Vietnam War can be traced to the anti-colonial war that was waged against France.   Famously regarded as the first Indochina war, the first Vietnam War eventua lly culminated to the second Indochina war which attracted the attention of the United States and other anti-communist allies in the world.   After a long Vietnamese struggle that was led by Ho Chin Minh, France was eventually forced to leave Vietnam after more than one hundred years of colonial rule.Communist insurgent forces, which were commanded by General Vo Nguyen Giap eventually defeated French forces in the battle at Dien Bien Phu.   This has been considered as a decisive battle since it convinced France that she could not hold for long in the country and Paris responded by suing for peace. [5]This led to the signing of Geneva Peace Accord in 1954 between France and Vietnam. However, France left Vietnam more divided than she had found the country.In the course of their struggle against France, Vietnam was supported by Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China  Ã‚   which had been very keen in spreading the communist influence in the region.   Soon after t he end of the Second World War, a protracted struggle had ensued between United States and Soviet Union  Ã‚   based on their ideological difference.Like the Europe   scramble for colonization, the end of the Second World War   led to emergence of another   scramble for ideological colonization. The two ideologies were communist governance championed by Soviet Union, and democratic governance championed by United States.   Vietnam was not immune from this scramble and the country came under influence of the two sides.[6]The Vietnam delegates who went to negotiate for the peace accord with France in Geneva found themselves torn between the two ideological sides.   As a result, the Geneva Accord was awkward negotiated and eventually led to the division of the country into to military zones.For the sake of signing of the peace accord, the delegates in Geneva agreed for the temporally partitioning of the country at the Seventh Parallel which led to emergence of South Korea un der the influence of United States and North Korea under the influence of Moscow and her communist allies, mainly China.The communist bloc did not want to engage in another war with the West in the face of ensuing Korean War and they believed that through political influence, they would soon take over South Vietnam without much struggle.[1] Bell, Philip. â€Å"Remembering Vietnam† Current Affairs Bulletin, Vol. 65, no. 2 (July, 2002): 14 [2] Rand, Corp. Insurgent Organization and Operations: A Case Study of the Viet Cong in the Delta, 1964-1966. (Santa Monica, 1997), 12 [3] Michael, Lanning and Dan, Cragg. Inside the VC and the NVA. (Ballantine Books, 1993), 92 [4] Stanley, Karnow. â€Å"Vietnam: A History†. (Viking Press, 1983), 54 [5] Rand, Corp. Insurgent Organization and Operations: A Case Study of the Viet Cong in the Delta, 1964-1966. (Santa Monica, 1997), 53 [6] Michael, Lanning and Dan Cragg. Inside the VC and the NVA. (Ballantine Books, 1993), 35

Saturday, September 14, 2019

P1 web architecture and components ver2

Web architecture: Web architecture is a way of designing and planning of websites that include different areas like WWW, ISP etc. Such web architectures are discussed below. Internet Service provider: Internet Service Provider (ISP) is the organizations which provide internet services to the people and other organizations. ISP provides different software packages which includes surname, password, and access to the phones and sometimes to the TV channels. For this service their customer pays certain amount to their package.There are different organizations which provide internet service and have different features like different speed of connection to the internet. The speed of the internet connection affects the performance of the websites such as the download speed of a video clip. Web Hosting Service: Web hosting service is an internet hosting service which allows the individual and larger organizations to host their website. The website can be accessed and viewed using World Wide Web.The client pays a certain amount of money monthly to their web hosting service and these hosts provide storage capacity and different management facilities and technical support and service. These host company charges the organization or the individual by looking the static of how many users use the website per month and other various features on the web. Domain Structure: Domain name is the address of the website in the World Wide Web called IP address. This can be accessed through the internet. Such addresses are difficult to remember and might not have meaning with regards to the web page.So the owner of the website has to purchase a domain name to link to the IP address so that their website can be accessed to the internet. The domain names are kept easier so that the user can understand and remember it. A easier example of a domain name is www. Google. Com† which also owns other domain name â€Å"www. Google. Co. UK†. â€Å"WWW is the prefix and â€Å". Comâ €  is the suffix whereas the character between them is the domain name. Domain Name Registrars: Domain Name registrars are the organizations that have authority to the domain names.They provide the domain name and manage the reservation of the internet domain names. The domain name registrars on the I-J are Goddard. Com and 123-erg. Co. UK. When they offer the domain name to the weapon owner, they also claim some amount of money. The registrars have a package of certain amount of certain amount of time. Thus, the longer the mount of the time, the higher the amount of money the weapon owner has to pay to their registrars. World Wide Web: World Wide Web (WWW) is a way of accessing the information stored on the internet.It uses different types of computer languages like http to transmit information. WWW contains text, images, videos, audio and many other multimedia which can be viewed by using browser. Hardware: We can use different types of hardware which help provide internet serv ice. Such hardware includes web server, mail server, proxy server, routers etc. Web Server: Web servers stores web pages and delivers those web pages to the user by using be language http to the web browser. Web server can both be hardware and software. Any individual can turn their computer to the web server by installing the server software.Each server has limited capacity so the website which is hugely us all over the world has multiple web servers. Mail Server: Mail server is a computer server which consists of storage area where email for local users is stored. This server sends and receives emails. This type of server only controls the email traffic on the internet. Proxy Server: Proxy server is a server which shares the internet connection and other services. It is like a web browser which is in between the user and the web server. It can sometimes improve the performance for the users and filters the requests by the user.It is mostly used on the business organizations and co lleges. It is to prevent the students and the staffs' access from specific web sites during the official hour. Router: A router is a device that is connected to two or more networks. Router forwards the data packets along to the different networks. Once the packet is sent from the computer to the router it forwards to the different router till the packet is received by the final device. Router maintains the movement of the packet in the internet while transferring the packet between the user and the server.Software: There are various types of software which links the computer to the internet and other networks. Browser is one of them which locates and displays the content on the World Wide Web. There are various kinds of browser such as Google chrome, Safari, Firebox, Internet Explorer used to surf the internet and web pages. These are the famous and leading browser in the world. Some browsers are preinstall on the new computers while the other browsers can be downloaded from the in ternet on ere of cost. Email is the other software which is used to receive and send the emails from the email server.The user has their own activated account through which they can send various messages like text, video and pictures. Protocols: Transport and addressing egg TCP/IP Application layer HTTP, HTTPS, ESMTP Web Functionality Web 2. 0: Web 2. 0 is the second generation of the www. It is focused on the ability for people to collaborate and share information online. It keeps static web pages that don't change. It has richer content/broadband. Went 2. 0 refers to the transition from tactic HTML web pages to more dynamic web that is more organized and is based on serving web application to the users.Dynamic website contains web pages that are generated dynamically. Each time the user access to the web page, the HTML is generated in real time and is sent to the user's browser. For example: Amazon is a dynamic website. When the user gets access to it, the page displays the types of products which might make interest the user by analyzing the users' purchase history. The site generates the weapon differently to the different users. Blobs: Blob is a personal web page on which the user records and posts their thoughts and pinions, their research and hypothesis principal etc. N a regular basis. The other users can reply to their comments. The blobs are used to share information on the internet. Nowadays the user can use more features and function as compared to the start days of the blob. The blobs are kept up to date so that the information shared is accurate and reliable. Online Application: Online application has changed in recent years. Microsoft office used for home and office purpose now is being used as an online version of word office 365. People can access to the online version and use the word.It is cheaper than to buy the whole software package and easy to access via internet. When there is no internet connection the online version cannot be used. Ad ditionally, online versions don't have many features than the Microsoft Home office. Other examples include games hosting online accessing via internet (online games) and emails. Cloud Computing: Cloud computing is an internet based computing in which different service like servers and storage and application are transferred to an organizations' computer system via internet. It has an ability to run an application on many connected at the same time.

Friday, September 13, 2019

Deforestation In the amazon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Deforestation In the amazon - Essay Example Agriculture is major factor influencing deforestation in the Amazon as individuals consider it a necessity for life to prosper on the planet. Before, age the Amazon rainforest was protected because individuals were hunters and gatherers hence did not venture into farming. However, changing times has forced individuals and the government to make unwise concession to allow the food growth into the region is a main source of rainfall. Allowing food growth to sustain life does not mean that major sites like the Amazon rain forest should be destroyed. Unfortunately that has been reason behind the deforestation activities going on around the Amazon. The rainforest is slowly being lost as the land in which it is based is being cleared by individuals to enable them practice agriculture in the region. Different land clearing techniques which care harmful to the environment and to the rainforest like slush and burn have been adopted by individuals and are used in clearing the Amazon forest (Ca mpari 2). The slash and burn technique is a cheap way of clearing land in preparation for agricultural activities. Individuals living around the Amazon use it to cut down trees and clear bushes before setting fire on the area to get rid of the cut and cleared trees and bushes. It is also an efficient way which has been proved to be cause of the deforestation in the Amazon as very little costs is associated with accomplishing the tasks. In addition, the situation is further aggravated by the lack proper techniques for farming leading to a speedy desert formation in the Amazon area which for centuries has been considered to be full of fauna and flora life (Campari 83). Moreover, over the last year, the Amazon rainforest experienced an increased rate of forest fires caused by the slush and burn used by the locals in the region. Additionally, individuals keeping cattle have also

Thursday, September 12, 2019

Stereotypes in Disney and other Kids Programs Research Paper

Stereotypes in Disney and other Kids Programs - Research Paper Example Stereotypes in Disney and other Kids Programs The paper will also elaborate the impact of these stereotyped characters on the children and adults, and its consequences on their future life. The paper will be supported with the Utilitarian Theory articulated by J.S. Mills while investigating into the affects and influences of the recreational programs developed and telecasted with the aim of providing entertainment to the children. The paper will also elucidate the remedies essential for discouraging the trends of promoting bias and hatred among the individuals coming of different ethno-racial and religious backgrounds, as well as between both the genders that had been in vogue for the last several decades in various regions of the globe. The Paper: By critically investigating into the history of the cultures and civilizations of the globe at large, it appears a reality that the individuals, groups and societies had been in conflict with one another since ever (Ember & Ember 68). These clashes and conflicts occurred on the basis of their differences with regards to food collection, belief system, political rivalries, physical appearances, socioeconomic characteristics and gender identities etc. These differences have not only played the dynamic role in respect of increasing the gulf between the people and civilizations, but also led to the battles, war and bloodshed in the wake of the divergences in views and opinions on the one side, and interests and appearances on the other. (Macionis 255). The ethno-racial clashes that had been taken place in the wake of the prejudices the humans observed against the members of out-groups in one way or the other were also staged and administered because of the lust of the communities to dominate over others with the help of political, social, economic and strategic supremacy (Ritzer 91). Consequently, the Africans had been the target of the hatred witnessed by the members of white Anglo Saxon Protestants (WASP), as the whites considered them to be the descendants of the ir slaves, and refuted to grant them the right associated with the white members of the American society (Desmond & Emirbayer 334). Hence, the blacks remained at risk of experiencing a number of acute racism reactions, and biased behavior that left adverse affects of ethno-racial victimizations on them both sentimental and psychological viewpoints. The people belonging to various ethno-racial groups did not confine their biased behavior to one specific field or zone only; on the contrary, the reflections of hatred in the name of religion and race made their sure headway in economic institutions, political activities, art, literature, and even amusement and recreational activities. It is therefore the literary pieces including poetry, novels and short stories, and the recreational sources i.e. films, movies and theatre also presented the ideas and images displaying one specific race and gender to be sober, gentle, law-abiding and peace-seeking, while the rival groups as the represent atives of evil, malevolence and violence. As a result, women were portrayed and presented to be evil and monsters through films and movies on the one side (Jensen & Oster 10), and the blacks were depicted to be quarrelsome, violent and aggressive on the other. The